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    小流域极端暴雨山洪全过程精细化模拟研究

    Research on the Refined Full-Process Simulation of Extreme Rainstorm Flash-Flood in Small Watersheds

    • 摘要: 针对无实测流量资料的山丘区小流域山洪模拟难题,以白云川流域为例,集成多源地形数据,构建了米级分辨率的MIKE FLOOD耦合模型,开展了“超历史认知型”极端暴雨下“区间产流-河道汇流-山洪演进-致灾淹没”的全过程模拟,并剖析了研究区各村庄的山洪致灾机制.研究结果表明,极端暴雨引发的山洪淹没范围较常规山洪呈连片扩张趋势,淹没区水深约为常规山洪的2倍以上,最大洪峰流量可达常规山洪的3~4倍,河道流速普遍超过6m/s,漫溢后的流速保持在2~4m/s;该研究识别了“非危险区”在极端暴雨情景下的潜在危险,可为区域极端山洪防御提供技术支持.

       

      Abstract: To face the challenges of flash-flood simulation in ungauged small hilly watersheds,the meter-resolution MIKE FLOOD coupled model was utilized for the Baiyunchuan watershed.This model integrated multi-source topographic data and simulated the full-process of an extreme flash-flood (EFF) triggered by an unprecedented extreme rainstorm.The simulated full-process included catchment runoff generation,channel routing,flash-flood propagation,and disaster inundation.Then,the various disaster mechanisms for each village were illustrated.The results indicate the EFF’s inundation areas expand significantly,inundation depth exceeds twice and maximum peak discharge reaches three to four times that of normal events.The EFF’s flow velocities in the main channel generally exceed 6m/s,and the subsequent overbank flow velocities across the inundation area remain between 2m/s and 4m/s.The study reveals potential inundation risks in traditionally designated “non-hazardous zones” under extreme rainstorm scenarios.The research provides technical support for regional EEF defense.

       

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